1. Assertion (A): Empires often collapsed when local rulers refused to pay tribute.Reason (R): Nearby territories were hard to control.

2. Assertion (A): The dharmachakra symbolises Buddha’s teachings.Reason (R): It represents the wheel of law and righteous conduct.

3. Assertion (A): The Mauryan capital Takshashila was an important trade centre.Reason (R): It was located on the Ganga and Son rivers, aiding transport.

4. The Latin word imperium means ________.

5. A state that pays tribute to a powerful ruler is called a ________.

6. Associations of traders and craftsmen in ancient India were known as ________.

7. The first powerful mahājanapada that rose in eastern India was ________.

8. The text written by Kautilya on governance and economics is called ________.

9. The battle that changed Ashoka’s life was the ________ war.

10. The script used in Ashoka’s edicts was ________.