1. Alexander the Great reached the Ganga River before returning.

2. Kauṭilya’s Arthaśhāstra includes advice on agriculture, economics, and governance.

3. Aśhoka promoted only Buddhism and banned all other religions.

4. The Sarnath pillar capital is now India’s national emblem.

5. Guilds in ancient India were controlled directly by the king.

6. Assertion (A): Magadha became powerful due to its fertile land, iron resources, and elephants.Reason (R): These resources strengthened both agriculture and the army.

7. Assertion (A): Aśhoka planted trees and built rest houses along roads.Reason (R): He wanted to improve trade profits for merchants.

8. Assertion (A): Alexander’s invasion of India had a lasting political impact.Reason (R): His army conquered the entire subcontinent.

9. Assertion (A): The Mauryan Empire used coins for trade.Reason (R): Coins made it easier to collect taxes and standardise trade.

10. Assertion (A): Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the Magadha dynasty.Reason (R): He was helped by Kautilya's strategies.